Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the tiny filters in the kidneys (glomeruli). Common symptoms include blood in the urine, foamy urine due to excess protein, high blood pressure, and swelling in various parts of the body. Treatment depends on the underlying cause but may include medications to control blood pressure, reduce inflammation, and manage symptoms.

Hemodialysis involves using a machine to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood, typically performed at a dialysis center. Peritoneal dialysis uses the lining of the abdomen (peritoneum) and a special solution to remove waste and fluid from the body, which can be done at home. Both methods are effective, and the choice depends on the patient's lifestyle, medical condition, and personal preference.

Vasculitis is an inflammation of the blood vessels that can reduce blood flow to the kidneys, causing damage and impairing their function. Symptoms may include fatigue, fever, and signs of kidney dysfunction such as blood in the urine. Treatment typically involves medications to reduce inflammation, manage symptoms, and prevent further damage, often including corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a sudden loss of kidney function often caused by factors such as dehydration, infection, or medication. Preventative measures include staying well-hydrated, avoiding nephrotoxic medications, and managing underlying health conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Early recognition and treatment of AKI are essential to prevent long-term damage.